The most “expensive” direction of the Guest wifi solutions state program “Digital Economy” – “Information Infrastructure” – can be supplemented with projects such as high-speed Internet access to the network of military commissariats

By the end of 2021, as part of the Digital Economy program, a high-speed fiber-optic communication line (FOCL) to the Autonomous Region will be laid and 850 military commissariats across the country will be connected to the Internet. In addition, by 2024, 35 thousand medical and obstetric centers will have access to the Internet. Such plans are contained in the preliminary version of the federal project “Information Infrastructure”, which has developed a center of competence in the same direction. RBC has a copy of the project materials, their authenticity was confirmed by two members of the working group at ANO.

Another important initiative contained in the document is a proposal to change the goal stated in the program on the share of Russian data centers (DPCs) in the global volume of data storage and processing services, reducing it from 10 to 5%.

How the Digital Economy Program Has Changed

The government approved the Wifi6 wireless solutions program in the summer of 2017. At the end of 2017 and the beginning of 2018, action plans were approved in five areas of the program for 2018–2020 with a total budget of more than 500 billion rubles. Moreover, the direction “Information Infrastructure” turned out to be the most expensive – 436.6 billion rubles, of which 100 billion rubles. It is supposed to attract from the budget.

The Government, the Agency and others became founders of the Digital Economy ANO, which should form and coordinate the work of working groups and centers of competence in the areas of the program, evaluate the effectiveness of its implementation, prepare proposals for the development of the digital economy.

The preparation of the financial and economic substantiation of the project is still ongoing. The amount of funding compared with the approved version of the program will undergo changes due to the fact that the previously detailed action plan was approved until 2020, and the federal project is planned to be implemented until 2024.

The transformation of the Information Infrastructure area into a Outdoor wifi solutions project will definitely affect its financing, and a separate budget will be allocated. In addition, “the status of the project will increase,” as well as the level of responsibility of the performers.

More networks

How much the budget for the destinations will be affected by plans to connect Chukotka to the wired Internet, experts found it difficult to evaluate. Another large-scale project in this region – laying fiber-optic lines along the bottom of the Sea.

The construction of Wifi solution fiber optic links in should be considered as a strategic project – in the long run this decision will cost less for the state, since satellites have to be replaced when new communication standards appear. “With the change of 3G to 4G, traffic increased significantly, and it becomes increasingly difficult for a satellite to cope with increasing volumes of information,” he explained. According to Kuskov, partly the decision to conduct high-speed Internet on the peninsula can also be dictated by the fact that the region is important from the point of view of ensuring the country’s security.

It is also proposed to include in the federal project the items “Development and approval of a roadmap for implementing digital technologies in the work of the municipal services of the Ministry of Defense” and “Implementation of a roadmap for improving the efficiency of the property complex of the Ministry of Defense.” The Defense Ministry, the Ministry of Hotel wifi solution and Communications and the “organization selected by competition or designated as the sole contractor” will be responsible for both “cards”. A representative noted that the use of digital technologies to increase the efficiency of management and operation of the property of the Ministry of Defense “will still be diversified.”

The representative of the Ministry of Defense did not answer RBC questions.

At the same time, the provision of Internet to all military commissariats, as well as Cloud managed wifi solutions, will be carried out by the sole contractor on the basis of the state contract, the materials say. Earlier, the state chose Telecom as the sole executor for the project to eliminate digital inequality (connecting to the Internet settlements with 250-500 residents), connecting medical institutions to the Internet, and providing fixed-line services for government agencies. According to the representative of Telecom, the state will be the customer for new projects to connect Chukotka and new facilities in the country, it will determine the sources of financing, technical requirements, and the conditions for choosing performers.

The representative of the Ministry of Communications did not answer RBC questions.

When approving the preliminary version of the federal project, the working group recommended that bidding be provided for the provision of communication services and the use of service models when connecting to the Internet authorities, local governments and educational institutions. According to a RBC source close to the working group, business representatives want to provide competitive communication services based on the results of the auction, while Telecom expects to build the infrastructure by order of the appointment of a single supplier.

Less data

By 2024, the capacity of Russian commercial data centers should be 80 thousand racks (standard cabinets for equipment). The same indicator is indicated in the action plan, but in the new document, the target indicator for Russia’s share in the data storage and processing market is reduced from 10 to 5%. Market participants called the lowering of the bar logical, but point to the need to also reduce the goal for the number of racks. Last year, commercial data centers in Russia had 38 thousand racks. According to Dina Nurkaeva, director of strategic marketing at IXcellerate, in order to double this number, data center operators need to make serious investments, “the payback of which is in question.” “It’s not entirely clear where such a customer base could be taken from,” she said.

Another market participant says that the government’s reckoning that foreign customers will use seats in Russian data centers is unlikely to materialize. “Even at low prices, customers from Europe or the United States are unlikely to massively store their data in a data center in Siberia,” the source told RBC.

According to analysts of TMT Consulting, the Russian data center market in 2017 amounted to 23.6 billion rubles, which is 10.6% more than in 2016. This year, this market is expected to grow by 9% in terms of number of stays and by 13% in revenue. According to Tatyana Tolmacheva, iKS-Consulting partner, an indicator of 80 thousand racks can be achieved, but in the longer term.

Svetlana Savelyeva, head of the industry expertise development department of the Softline group of companies, noted that there is a tendency around the world to reduce the number of data centers and their space, consolidate computing resources and use cloud services of global providers (Amazon, Google, Microsoft).

The introduction of Guest wifi solutions SD-WAN technology allows you to increase the efficiency of managing a geographically distributed corporate data network, simplify work through an affiliate network, and even provide additional services to customers.

In the period of digital transformation, when information technologies from a component supporting a Wifi6 wireless solutions are gradually turning into a tool for making a profit, the load on the IT infrastructure and, accordingly, the requirements for it increase significantly. The customer of the implementation of Outdoor wifi solutions (development of business applications and services) is increasingly becoming the company’s internal business units. Therefore, all IT-related processes must be controllable, scalable, manageable, and prepared for rapid change. instagram oto beğeni

The leaders of the digital transformation are companies in the financial sector. They follow the needs of their customers, who are actively migrating to the Wifi solution, for example, are increasingly using mobile applications to make payments. In addition, the IT infrastructure of modern financial institutions must comply with the requirements of market regulators (in particular, personal data legislation or the PCI DSS standard) and reliably protect users from external and internal cyber threats. All of the above factors greatly affect the complexity of the ICT infrastructure.

Effective management of a geographically distributed Hotel wifi solution data network (DSP) allows us to provide the SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network) technology that is actively developing today. 

BACKGROUND OF TRANSITION TO SD-WAN

In business, speed is very important, including the quick launch of new products and services on the market. For example, so that regional offices can quickly solve problems, IT systems are “geographically redistributed” into such units where there are remotely working employees, as well as personnel with seasonal work schedules.

In the context of reorganization and takeover, banks cannot afford long down times due to the fact that new sites must integrate their IT systems and applications into the existing IT landscape. The time when the company had a few months and time windows allotted in advance to complete the KSPD switching, unfortunately, has irrevocably gone. Current realities of KSPD is a set of platforms connected using technologies that differ both in type (Ethernet, MPLS, LTE) and in logic (dedicated channels, Internet). At the same time, communication channels must provide access to at least two data centers to maintain the resiliency of the ICT infrastructure and quickly recover from failures. Do not forget about the purely technical requirements for the network associated with providing the necessary bandwidth, delays, packet loss,

SD-WAN FEATURES

The SD-WAN technology is based on a “smart” controller, which automatically redistributes traffic. In addition, the device allows you to centrally change the settings of Cloud managed wifi solutions network equipment in the branches, monitor the network status, download and quality of the channels in online mode, and eliminate any problems. This ensures transparency in the functioning of the data network and reduces the burden on IT professionals serving the network.

The SD-WAN solution involves the automatic formation of a private network and the transfer of information on all types of available communication channels without loss of speed and quality of application work. For example, before, only an expensive dedicated channel was used to transmit voice or video without failures. Now thanks to the SD-WAN technology, you can use the Internet channel as the main one, and the LTE channel as the backup one. As a result, customers can save on paying bills from telecom operators and solve the issue of reserving VPN channels in a simple and cheap way.

Modern software-defined SD-WAN networks can optimize the cost of leased communication channels and achieve savings of up to 40%. Solutions of this class provide comprehensive security and transparency of the network due to the centralized management of ICT infrastructure. 

TASKS TO SIMPLIFY USING SD-WAN 

ATM Operation Reducing the cost of servicing ATMs.
Due to the large number of ATMs, the bank’s IT service, as a rule, either does not audit their settings at all, or allocates one or two specialists who perform the only task – compliance control (checking compliance with internal standards and legislative and regulatory requirements). When using SD-WAN, this task is solved automatically, since a single configuration of settings is replicated to all ATMs. It also eliminates the influence of the human factor (for example, errors in prescribing settings). 

Changing network settings as a result of changing ATM software.With the classical approach in a network that has, say, more than 2 thousand ATMs, three specialists who have access to them only during off-hours hours for these devices will be able to change network settings within one year. When using SD-WAN, due to the ability to duplicate settings, this process takes up to two months (coverage – 40 ATMs per day). 

Minimizing risks in theft of ATMs. SD-WAN technology allows you to quickly “disconnect” an ATM from a trusted network in case of physical theft.

Improving the safety of ATMs. Thanks to software-defined networks, the speed of applying security policies when detecting “holes” in ATM software is increased. Moreover, the development of a new configuration takes days, and its distribution to the entire fleet of equipment – in a matter of weeks. 

Improving the availability of the basic service (issuing / receiving money). Currently, ATMs are connected, as a rule, using one or two SIM-cards. In the halls of shopping centers, ATMs connected to different operators at the same time are often the only ones operating and they get all the revenue. SD-WAN technology allows the use of a “bundle” of LTE modems of several operators, thereby increasing the efficiency of ATMs.

Operation of payment terminals. 

Broadcasting of advertising and informational content. When using terminals as a means of displaying the advertising content of partners, it is necessary to provide a channel with a bandwidth significantly wider than for transactions in ATMs. The same “bundle” of LTE modems can help with this. 

Minimizing the cost of equipment in the terminal and its maintenance, reducing the cost of communication channels.The cost of equipment is reduced through the use of standard devices on the x86 platform instead of specialized routers. Cost optimization for communication channels can be achieved using the “bundle” of any available wired and wireless channels. The use of plug-and-play devices and the implementation of settings through the replication of policies helps to reduce maintenance costs. 

Replacement of obsolete equipment. 

Modernization of KSPD. Network equipment lasts an average of five to seven years, and then is gradually replaced. SD-WAN solutions from any manufacturer can be integrated into the existing territorial divisions’ KSPD, built on standard VPN technologies or dedicated channels.

When upgrading the ICT infrastructure, the implementation of SD-WAN should be considered in at least two cases:

• the equipment was commissioned in 2012 or earlier, but due to the devaluation of the ruble in 2014, there was no replacement. As a result, the equipment becomes obsolete and the deadline for its removal from service by the manufacturer is approaching;
• used standard routers (for example, Cisco 28xx and 29xx series) are already out of production or from technical support.

Mergers, Acquisitions and Reorganizations

The combination of IT systems of different banks is not uncommon today. The first step from which unification begins is to ensure network connectivity. 

Speeding up the integration of heterogeneous networks. SD-WAN is the best tool for combining several geo-distributed networks formed after mergers into a single unified network. 

Automation of the process of migration to new or additional network elements (firewalls or traffic optimizers).The classical approach has two drawbacks: migration is done manually, and it takes months, or even years, and the absence of IT specialists with the necessary qualifications in remote offices. When using SD-WAN, the migration process is automated, fast (due to the deployment of devices on the basis of plug-and-play and zero touch provisioning, ZTP), managed (through configuration through templates) and segmented by trust levels already out of the box. At the same time, any office employee can connect the “box” (SD-WAN equipment) to the Internet.

Enhancing Failover Resiliency

The SD-WAN solution easily provides fault-tolerance of KSPD on various communication lines. Moreover, the technology allows you to build any number of dynamic (created in the presence of traffic) tunnels between any two points. SD-WAN will be built regardless of the types of physical communication channels used (dedicated MPLS, Internet or LTE), and engineers will not need to redistribute traffic between the channels. 

Work through an affiliate network 

Fast and secure connection of new points of presence in an affiliate network.To ensure a presence in the region as soon as possible, you can easily, and, most importantly, quickly connect new sites using the ZTP approach, which allows you to establish a connection to a corporate network without involving IT specialists and business trips. High speed is also achieved due to the independence of the types of communication channels. At the same time, isolation by trusted network segments makes it possible to divide the KSPD into parts and dictate to them the rules of interaction with each other in the logic presented by the business (affiliate network, additional offices, operational offices, operating cash desks). 

Centralization and automation of network management.Unlike classic technologies, the SD-WAN solution is not managed at the end sites. The logic of work is determined on the central controllers and replicated on the equipment of the final sites. SD-WAN automatically selects the most profitable route, which will consist of several physical channels that provide applications with the level of communication they need. 

Mobile service center. 

Maintenance of the bank’s mobile office in the framework of various events. In such cases, 100% availability of services is required anywhere in the region, regardless of the presence of telecom operators. One of the tasks that SD-WAN solves is the provision of fault-tolerant and redundant communications for vehicles based on the “bundle” of LTE modems from various operators. 



Wi-Fi for customers at points of sale

Organization of high-quality free Wi-Fi in branches, additional and operational offices. This goal can be set to obtain information about customers for the tasks of targeting and profiling. Moreover, it is usually necessary to achieve it within the existing budget for communication channels, equipment and with minimal involvement of IT personnel.

Here you can give an example of the company GAP, which although it does not belong to the financial sector, but the tasks it has solved are also relevant for its representatives. Thanks to the SD-WAN technology, the company was able to switch from MPLS to the use of several Internet channels, thereby increasing the bandwidth by 26 times. Part of this band was used to distribute Wi-Fi to customers. 

The number of devices on the World Wide Web is growing rapidly. According to EZELINK, in 2022 there will be six devices connected in Guest wifi solutions to the Internet for every person. The bottleneck for the development of IT infrastructure that provides users and Internet of things elements access to data centers and the applications running in them is the last mile of the channel to the client. The twentieth anniversary of Wi-Fi wireless technology, celebrated in June, can no longer provide increased connectivity. The technological response to the new business requirements is the new Wifi6 wireless solutions (802.11ax) wireless standard introduced in June at a EZELINK press conference.

Benefits of New Technology  

Wi-Fi 6 provides an average of four times faster performance than Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac). The new standard supports modulation of 1024 QAM – and the Outdoor wifi solutions previous only 256 QAM, respectively, a much larger amount of information can now be encoded into a unit of spectrum.

Another important benefit is less latency in accessing the medium. Unlike previous versions of Wi-Fi, the Wi-Fi 6 standard does not use OFDM to encode a signal, but OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multi-access), this algorithm allows multiple access, or simultaneous access to a transmission medium for several devices. In previous versions of Wi-Fi, the access point and client devices transmitted only in the case of free air. With the Wifi solution simultaneous broadcasting of several devices, an error of overlapping frames (packets) occurred – a collision. The device that failed to establish communication periodically repeated access attempts.

With an increase in the density of devices, such a mode of working with Hotel wifi solution collisions is no longer effective. The basis of the new standard is borrowed from mobile communications. Devices do not fight for air, spending their resources, but use the scheduler in the downstream channel. In fact, the device negotiates with the access point about the airtime, which does not allow collisions.

 The new technology provides energy efficiency – electricity is not wasted on multiple attempts to occupy the ryokanal. This is especially important in light of the rapid development of the Cloud managed wifi solutions Internet of things, as it saves the battery power of sensors.

 As a rule, sensors transmit a small amount of information at rare intervals. Wi-Fi 6 is optimized to work in this mode. Now the time interval of a communication session can be divided into small segments for interaction with devices of the Internet of things and plan the exchange of packets. For example, a water meter will be able to arrange communication sessions with an access point once a day.

New technologies provide greater connectivity. OFDMA allows you to simultaneously transmit traffic from nine devices. Improved MU-MIMO – receive / transmit technology for working with multiple users. Wi-Fi 6 can transmit to eight devices simultaneously with spatial diversity. The BSS colorization technology that came from mobile communications began to be used, which allows devices to highlight their access points and ignore the others when the devices are densely coated.

Wi-Fi 6 is compatible with previous standards, so you can switch to it gradually by smoothly changing the backbone switches and client devices. Each device will be serviced according to the standard with which it can work.

Wi-Fi 6 or 5G?

Wi-Fi 6 and 5G are becoming the main wireless technology. But 5G will take longer to deploy, as it is an operator technology that requires frequency allocation and an operator license. You can deploy a Wi-Fi network faster, because it does not need permissions for the open frequency spectra used in the technology, and Wi-Fi 6 works in two bands at once: 2.4 and 5 GHz.

Technologies complement each other in many ways. 5G is more suitable for the street, for autonomous transport, and Wi-Fi 6 is more focused on corporate use indoors. There are intersections – in small offices it may be more efficient to use 5G – no need to deploy and maintain your Wi-Fi network. At the same time, Wi-Fi can also be used outdoors, for example, in large factories. Wi-Fi 6 looks preferable when wirelessly connecting virtual reality devices and for obtaining high-definition images (4K, 8K), when high speed transmission of large amounts of data is required. Wi-Fi 6 technology can be effectively used in places with increased connection density: in stadiums, in lecture halls and conference rooms.

Wi-Fi chipsets are significantly cheaper than mobile communications chipsets. So, most likely, there will be many things with the Wi-Fi interface. Smartphone manufacturers are also interested in using the Wi-Fi 6 standard, as this extends the life of the device on a single battery charge.

New Standard – New Infrastructure

The Wi-Fi 6 standard is new and finally accepted can only be considered after ratification. “But the products will be available now, as there will be no technical changes to the standard.

EZELINK has announced the new line of access points that support BLE, Zigbee, and Thread IoT protocols. Four external antennas allow you to simultaneously work with four users. The market is offered a Wi-Fi 6-enabled low-end Catalyst 9115 and a more powerful Catalyst 9120, supporting more innovations. A built-in high-precision spectrum analyzer that assesses the effect of interference on the network and also detects malicious elements – for example, access points for intruders trying to intercept the usernames and passwords of users on the corporate network.

The entire network, including switches, should be ready for work with the Wi-Fi 6 standard. Radio performance reaches 5 Gb / s, so old access switches with gigabit ports become a bottleneck when transmitting packets on a network. Yes, and on aggregation and in the core of the network more efficient devices are required. The former flagship product of the Catalist 6800 line with a capacity of 160 Gb / s is no longer relevant. It is being replaced by a supporting network based on the intent of the Catalyst 9600 switch with a performance of 2.4 Tbps. Moreover, the switch is modular, which makes it attractive for large corporations. Modularity can be used for redundancy and scaling – ports are added without interruption to service the device.

Work is underway to create an ecosystem of solutions that support the new standard. There are device partners who are testing to interact with new EZELINK products. The company itself is testing the compatibility of new access points with Apple, Samsung devices and using the Intel chipset. As part of the interaction testing, coordination of the optional Wi-Fi 6 parameters between the network device and the client is being worked out. This practice was created by EZELINK for Wi-Fi standard 5. As a result of partnership with Apple, roaming optimization in Wi-Fi networks was achieved: switching between access points is four times faster than without such optimization, which is especially important when transmitting voice and video . Interaction with developers of applications for the mobile-cloud world in the framework of EZELINK DevNet. There is a partnership within the framework of the OpenRoaming consortium working on seamless roaming and authentication between LTE / 5G and Wi-Fi networks. Samsung, Boingo, GlobalReach, Presidio and other companies joined the project. “At the beginning of 2020, we expect a mass offer of devices with Wi-Fi 6 support for users. Wi-Fi 6 is a revolution in terms of technology, and the leap in technology development in particular leads to the emergence of new models for their application, leading to business development. We are entering a new era of wireless communications.

The introduction of 5G stimulates the mobile industry to apply advanced optical technologies.

Existing 2G / 3G / 4G networks Guest wifi solutions are built, as a rule, on the basis of the so-called distributed architecture of a radio access network (Distributed RAN, D-RAN), in which the components of the base station are the digital processing module BBU (Baseband Unit) and the radio modules RRU (Remote Radio Unit) – located on one site. This arrangement allows you to minimize the required capacity of the transport network. Depending on the topology, the capacity of the “last mile” transport domain is from 1 to 10 Gbit/s.

However, as you know, for 5G, the centralized RAN architecture (Centralized RAN, C-RAN) is optimal, in which the computing resources (BBU modules) of the base stations are combined into hubs. C-RAN is a form of introducing centralization and virtualization solutions VNF / NFV into the radio subnet as a strategic direction in the development of telecommunications infrastructure. The benefits of VNF / NFV are well known – from lowering barriers to new manufacturers and lowering capital and operating costs to accelerating the launch of new services and network upgrades. For a Wifi6 wireless solutions radio network, these advantages of economic efficiency are enhanced by an additional increase in the bandwidth of the radio channel (centralization of radio resource planning functions, reduction of interference, etc.).

Until now, the industry focused on the core network, and now it can be stated that the problem of virtualization and centralization in this domain has been solved. However, considering that investments in the radio network with the introduction of 5G are estimated at approximately 70% of the total volume, centralization in the RAN is key to achieving the commercial attractiveness of 5G networks.

The starting point for the implementation of Outdoor wifi solutions centralization and virtualization technologies in RAN is the new layout of the base station, in which the digital signal processing stack, previously concentrated in the BBU, is now divided into two functional units – the DU (Distributed Unit, a real-time digital radio signal processing module) and CU (Centralized Unit, a module for digital processing of slow processes). This separation provides the flexibility of choice and the effectiveness of building the RAN at each BS site, taking into account restrictions on placement, transport channel features, application conditions, etc.

Another problem solved by the new layout Wifi solution of the base station is related to the inefficiency of the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) between the RRU and the BBU, in which the required bandwidth is proportional to the radio channel width and the number of antennas (for example, already in the LTE MIMO 2×2 network bandwidth required for CPRI , 13-15 times more subscriber traffic speed). During the implementation of 5G with an increase in the width of the radio channel (when mastering high frequency ranges) and the number of antennas (when using the Massive MIMO solution), the requirements for the band in the transport network grow at a faster pace than the growth in the speed of subscriber applications. This can be a problem for the construction of the C-RAN, where Hotel wifi solution exactly the data transfer rate between the RRU and the BBU will determine the capacity of the “last mile” transport domain.

Reducing bandwidth requirements in a new generation base station is achieved by transferring some of the low-level digital processing functions from BBU to RRU. And for signal transmission after intermediate digital processing in RRU, a new interface is used – eCPRI (enhanced CPRI), which features a variable, load-dependent speed and the use of a packet Ethernet transmission medium.

The new layout of the BS provides flexibility and high economic efficiency due to the centralization of computing resources and the widespread introduction of virtualization technologies in the RAN, taking into account various limiting factors, including technological ones (the delay in the transport channel for CPRI / eCPRI interfaces should not exceed 100 μs). Until recently, the transport channel requirements between the RRU and the BBU / DU / CU in the CPRI were not specified. Now this gap has been eliminated, specifications have been developed that define the quality requirements of the transport network for CPRI and eCPRI. This opens up opportunities for operators to choose the best technical solutions for different vendors, thereby avoiding the monopoly of the supplier, whose base stations are installed on the network.

The impact of RAN architecture in the implementation of 5G on the transport network

One of the key characteristics of Cloud managed wifi solutions 5G networks is a more than 10-fold increase in data transfer rates for subscribers. Therefore, even within the framework of existing architectural solutions, the requirements for the bandwidth of the transport access network also increase by more than 10 times. And during the construction of 5G networks with the target C-RAN architecture, the requirements for the transport access network increase by more than 100 times. So, in particular, it happens on a 4G / 5G network, in which existing IP / MPLS solutions extend to the delivery of traffic from the places of its generation (BS sites) to the peripheral centers of its processing.

One of the main conditions for the development of the RAN network to date has remained the “axiom of limited transport lane” and the resulting need to save this lane. For this reason, they tried to transfer the use of IP functions as close as possible to the sources of traffic generation. Following this axiom determines the extensive development of the transport network, i.e. the increase in throughput and the successive replacement of IP access nodes with more productive ones is proportional to the expansion of the mobile network, which is determined by the growth in speed and volume of traffic.

Extension of the channel capacity of the transport network for centralization and virtualization in the RAN

Transport solutions used on modern RAN networks, in terms of their bandwidth, correspond to the level of development of optical transmission technologies of the late 80s of the last century. However, today the channel capacity of optical data transmission systems is growing much (1000 times) faster than the speed in mobile networks since the construction of LTE networks (10 times). In addition, the cost of optical systems is constantly decreasing. Therefore, their use in the construction of the C-RAN transport network will remove the restrictions on the choice of the optimal RAN architecture imposed by the capabilities of traditional transport networks. The family of such alternative solutions for building a C-RAN network was named in the industry by the name of the corresponding transport domain – X-Haul

The advantages of the traditional IP / MPLS approach are manifested in the intensive use of its basic functions, i.e. aggregation, routing, traffic transit between nodes in a network of complex topology. With centralization (enlargement), the number of nodes decreases, and therefore, the number of routes decreases and the topology is simplified. In an IT network, all data centers are usually connected by point-to-point channels.

C-RAN / vRAN – a convergence zone with the IT industry in the field of optical solutions

With the beginning of the widespread use of virtualization and cloud computing technologies, the initiative for the development of optical systems moved to the IT field, where the key requirements are to organize high-speed channels over short distances (<300 m, <2 km) inside or between data centers (<10 km, <40 km, <80 km) with the highest density of ports (which implies microminiaturization and reduced energy consumption) at low cost and large production volumes. This is fully consistent with the requirements of the mobile business. The economy of the latter relies on a reduction in the cost of network infrastructure, which is achieved through the unification and standardization of the solutions used, their mass production and the high capacity of the global market.

At the moment, the development of the optical industry mainly follows the development of semiconductor technologies for the production of optical systems and the introduction of modulation methods with a low implementation cost.

Integrated Silicon Photonics

By analogy with the transition from electronic circuits on distributed elements to integrated circuits, the transition of optical networks to the production of solid-state photonics due to the placement of all elements on a single chip implies a rejection of the traditional approach involving assembly and individual precision alignment of components.

A significant economic advantage of such a transition is the ability to use the same semiconductor materials, microchip design methods, manufacturing techniques, etc. This use of investments already made in the manufacturing capacities of the manufacture of electrical microcircuits can dramatically reduce the cost of optical and optoelectronic systems. The use of semiconductor technologies for manufacturing optical systems breaks the relationship between their complexity (number of elements) and transmission speed, on the one hand, and their cost, on the other, with a dramatic increase in reliability. Therefore, when using solid-state photonics, you can get a transport solution that meets the increasing requirements for the bandwidth of the transport channel for C-RAN, without increasing its cost.

To date, the production volume of integrated optical modules already exceeds the volume of optical modules developed and made of discrete components, and the growth of the market, determined by the development and needs of data centers, leads to a drop in their cost by 10–20% annually with a multiple reduction in size and power consumption. 

Today, commercial products use various technological approaches to optoelectric integration: it can be performed on a single monolithic crystal or on different crystals (the so-called hybrid integration). The advantages of the latter are the ability to choose the optimal solution for each of the segments (electrical and optical). Thus, the manufacture of electrical microcircuits, as a rule, requires the use of photolithography technology with a higher resolution than for optical microcircuits.

Cost-effective modulation techniques

The choice of one or another modulation for the implementation of the optical system is determined by the conditions of its application. For the telecommunications market, optical solutions are usually created on the basis of coherent modulation and include amplitude-phase modulation methods with a large number of encoded bits per symbol (QPSK, 8QAM, 16QAM …), polarization multiplexing, laser on the receiving side for restoration signal phases, as well as a digital signal processor (DSP) for analog-to-digital signal conversion with compensation for various types of dispersion, etc. Such optical systems are often characterized by a lack of optical compatibility between products from different manufacturers and sufficiently large sizes (form factors CFP, CFP2) due to power consumption and the need to accommodate a large number of components.

In optical systems for the IT industry, which are developed for large-scale production and application over short distances, the most important criterion is to minimize the cost of the optical module or transmitted bit. And here the main approach is to use the “base speed” with simple types of direct detection modulation (IM-DD, Intensity Modulation – Direct Detection) with a widely available component base, low cost and power consumption (NRZ, PAM4, etc.). A further increase in speed is achieved by increasing the number of carriers – by multiplying the “base speed”.

It is important to note that in the mobile industry, CPRI and eCPRI interfaces are most often used for speeds up to 25 Gbit / s, i.e. values ​​of the “base speed” of the IT industry. In addition, the planned optical channel length for X-Haul solutions coincides with the most common optical path length for data exchange between data centers.

Thus, the construction of a 5G RAN radio access network based on optical channel transmission systems will allow operators not only to obtain the expected benefits of centralization and virtualization, but also provide the most efficient transport solution due to convergence with the IT industry in the field of optical systems. 

In order for the potential of Wi-Fi 6 wireless solutions to be fully realized, the cable system to which the access points are connected must be correctly designed and installed. It is important to consider a number of factors, including remote power supply.

People are using more and more mobile and portable devices – smartphones, tablets, laptops. To support business applications, watch Ultra HD Guest wifi solutions videos and multimedia content, they increasingly need fast Wi-Fi. To do this, you need to connect productive wireless equipment to the local network and make sure that there are no bottlenecks and bottlenecks in the system. The resulting system should be high-performance and provide a quick response. The new generation of technologies, known as Wifi6 wireless solutions (802.11ax), significantly increases the throughput of wireless systems and supports speeds above 5 Gb / s. Increasing throughput, system performance, density of devices in the service area; response time is reduced; longer battery life.

The full potential of Wi-Fi 6 Wifi solution can be fully realized only when the cable system to which the access points connect is correctly designed and installed. When designing a cable system and choosing a transmission medium for connecting Wi-Fi 6 wireless equipment, a number of factors must be taken into account.

Wi-Fi High Speed ​​Support

Wi-Fi 6 technology supports speeds above 5 Gb / s (Fig. 1), and this significantly narrows the choice of possible environments for cable segments between network nodes. In WAP (Wireless Access Point) access points made using Wi-Fi 6 technology, not one port is used to connect to the Ethernet network, as before, but two, and at least one of them must support 2.5 or 5 Gbit / s from. As Wi-Fi 6 technology develops, there will be a need to support speeds above 5 Gb / s. If the existing cable infrastructure does not provide 10-gigabit transfer speeds, then at least two 5-gigabit connections are required for one Wi-Fi 6 access point. At the same time, the future need for two 10-gigabit connections is already visible, because wireless technologies will continue to improve.

All this means that high-performance active equipment will be used in the system, and the cable transmission medium should provide a bandwidth of at least 10 Gb / s, either over twisted pair cable or over multi-mode optical fiber, both in horizontal subsystems and in highways. Otherwise, it will not be possible to implement Wi-Fi 6 Hotel wifi solution .

Each WAP Wi-Fi 6 access point should be supplied with two cable segments of class EA / category 6A, counting on connecting to two Ethernet ports – this is the only way to ensure the necessary transmission speed for various device configurations.

Powering Wi-Fi devices 6

Another important aspect is the power supply to the Wi-Fi 6 wireless access point. Signaling of Wi-Fi 6 radio chips is much more complicated than in the equipment of previous generations, it requires more powerful power. Each Wi-Fi 6 access point needs to be provided with either a local connection to a DC power source or a 30W PoE Type 2 remote power supply. But when remotely powered by PoE Type 2, each pair carries 600 mA, which causes the cable bundle to heat up. The temperature rise can reach 10 ° C compared to the ambient temperature. Cloud managed wifi solutions Heating is accompanied by an increase in the number of bit errors, which leads to a decrease in performance. In addition, when the equipment is turned off “live”, an electric arc discharge occurs.

When choosing a cable environment, it is strongly recommended that shielded cable solutions be preferred because they are resistant to the temperature rise typical of PoE applications. You should choose cable systems that provide reliable operation and mechanical strength at temperatures up to 75 ° C – they are capable of supporting PoE Type 2 power supply and operation over the entire operating temperature range from -20 ° C to 60 ° C. Shielded cable solutions of categories 6A and 7A demonstrate the highest resistance to heat and in such conditions support transmission in longer channels. Such systems make it possible to bundle more cables into bundles without exceeding the permissible temperature increase. In addition, the use of switching equipment that complies with IEC 60512-99-001,

Flexibility in designing and deploying WAP access points

When creating a cable infrastructure for reliable support for Wi-Fi 6 solutions, you must also take into account the connection speeds of network switches, servers and devices available on the market today, as well as strategies for updating them, developing future wireless technologies and ensuring reliable operation of systems.

Class EA / Category 6A cabling systems based on the zonal approach and service concentration points (SCPs) in zone cabinets provide the required port density and support for 2.5 / 5GBASE-T applications per WAP access point. The same systems guarantee the possibility of efficient use of ports when connecting 10GBASE-T equipment in the future.

The zonal approach provides the necessary flexibility and allows easy configuration changes in service areas. It is characterized by stock availability and consideration of the needs of future technologies, including the use of several 10GBASE-T segments for connecting devices. You can always add WAP access points to your existing wireless network to improve coverage. This practically does not cause inconvenience to the inhabitants of the building, since there are always redundant ports in the zone subsystems. Siemon experts recommend that each zone cabinet service a zone with a radius of 13 m

The number of ports (cable terminations) at the service concentration point varies from 24 to 96, depending on the office or other environment in the building, the adopted automation level, type of ceiling lighting, type and number of applications – Wi-Fi, security systems, CCTV, access control, other building automation equipment. The relative position of the SCP points may be based on a mesh structure, a configuration for extended segments, or a hexagon structure.